Available 3D spine models do not optimize properties to simulate real-life bones, ligaments, tendons, viscoelasticity, or resistance that is present in a patient. Spine models are used by both surgeons and researchers for surgical planning, simulation, training, research and medical device development.

By optimizing 3D printing materials, NCH inventors can produce patient-specific spine models that replicate the viscoelastic properties of the spine for a more accurate rendition. In addition to precise surgical planning, another benefit of utilizing viscoelastic accurate models is further medical device innovation to optimize surgical outcomes.